Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two‐bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems
Identifieur interne : 004297 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004296; suivant : 004298Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two‐bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems
Auteurs : H. Qian [République populaire de Chine] ; Y. Li [République populaire de Chine] ; P. V. Nielsen [Danemark] ; C. E. Hyldgaard [Danemark] ; T. W. Wong [République populaire de Chine] ; A. T. Y. Chwang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Indoor Air [ 0905-6947 ] ; 2006-04.
Abstract
Abstract Effective ventilation in general hospital wards is important for controlling the airborne transmission of infectious respiratory diseases. Experiments have been carried out to increase our understanding of the interaction of the breathing flows of two individuals in a full‐scale experimental hospital ward with three ventilation systems, i.e. mixing, downward and displacement ventilation. Two life‐size breathing thermal manikins were used to simulate a source patient and a receiving patient. The exhalation jet from a bed‐lying manikin was visualized using smoke. N2O was used as tracer gas to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients; and the spatial distribution of its concentrations was measured. Our experimental results show that for both mixing and downward ventilation, the exhaled jet penetrates a short distance and is diluted quickly by ventilation air. The exhaled droplet nuclei are well mixed in the ward. Bed distance does not affect the personal exposure of the receiving patient. For displacement ventilation, the exhaled jet can penetrate a long distance. A high concentration layer of exhaled droplet nuclei because of thermal stratification locking has also been observed with displacement ventilation. This work is useful for identifying an appropriate ventilation method that can remove droplet nuclei more effectively and minimize the risk of cross‐infections in a hospital ward environment.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00407.x
Affiliations:
- Danemark, République populaire de Chine
- Jutland du Nord
- Aalborg, Sha Tin
- Université chinoise de Hong Kong, Université d'Aalborg
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Y." last="Chwang">A. T. Y. Chwang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong SAR</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Indoor Air</title><title level="j" type="alt">INDOOR AIR</title><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0668</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">16</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="111">111</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="128">128</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">18</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-04">2006-04</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0905-6947</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract Effective ventilation in general hospital wards is important for controlling the airborne transmission of infectious respiratory diseases. Experiments have been carried out to increase our understanding of the interaction of the breathing flows of two individuals in a full‐scale experimental hospital ward with three ventilation systems, i.e. mixing, downward and displacement ventilation. Two life‐size breathing thermal manikins were used to simulate a source patient and a receiving patient. The exhalation jet from a bed‐lying manikin was visualized using smoke. N2O was used as tracer gas to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients; and the spatial distribution of its concentrations was measured. Our experimental results show that for both mixing and downward ventilation, the exhaled jet penetrates a short distance and is diluted quickly by ventilation air. The exhaled droplet nuclei are well mixed in the ward. Bed distance does not affect the personal exposure of the receiving patient. For displacement ventilation, the exhaled jet can penetrate a long distance. A high concentration layer of exhaled droplet nuclei because of thermal stratification locking has also been observed with displacement ventilation. This work is useful for identifying an appropriate ventilation method that can remove droplet nuclei more effectively and minimize the risk of cross‐infections in a hospital ward environment.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country><region><li>Jutland du Nord</li></region><settlement><li>Aalborg</li><li>Sha Tin</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université chinoise de Hong Kong</li><li>Université d'Aalborg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Qian, H" sort="Qian, H" uniqKey="Qian H" first="H." last="Qian">H. Qian</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chwang, A T Y" sort="Chwang, A T Y" uniqKey="Chwang A" first="A. T. Y." last="Chwang">A. T. Y. 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